![]() ![]() Skeletal muscle cell proliferation and differentiation on polypyrrole substrates doped with extracellular matrix components. Hybrid muscular tissues: preparation of skeletal muscle cell-incorporated collagen gels. Development and progress of engineering of skeletal muscle tissue. Engineered skeletal muscle tissue networks with controllable architecture. Alignment of skeletal muscle myoblasts and myotubes using linear micropatterned surfaces ground with abrasives. Overall, the cryogelation technique offers a fast, cheap and reproducible way of creating porous scaffolds from proteins without the use of toxic compounds. Ovalbumin cryogels would be better suited for elastic tissues with faster regeneration properties due to its faster degradation time. Casein cryogels showed best potential to be used in skeletal tissue engineering, whereas gelatin cryogels would be more suitable for compliable soft tissues even though it also seemed to support a myogenic phenotype. The stability of the cryogels over time in culture differed depending on formation mechanism. Fibroblasts and myoblasts were used to evaluate the cryogels for tissue engineering purposes. Casein was found to best suited for enzymatic crosslinking, gelatin for chemical crosslinking, and ovalbumin for non-covalent interactions. We investigated the use of cryogelation to form protein-based scaffolds through different types of formation mechanisms enzymatic crosslinking, chemical crosslinking, and non-covalent interactions. Successful tissue engineering with the aid of a polymer scaffold offers the possibility to produce a larger construct and to mould the shape after the defect. ![]()
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